Avançado 12. rasal Verbs (Idioms) (Part 1 of 3)

Phrasal Verbs (Idioms) (Part 1 of 3)

NOTE: Exercises at the end of part 3

Many verbs in English are followed by an adverb or a preposition (also called a particle), and these two-part verbs, also called phrasal verbs, are different from verbs with helpers. The particle that follows the verb changes the meaning of the phrasal verb in idiomatic ways:

VERB	MEANING	EXAMPLE
drop off	decline gradually	The hill dropped off near the river.
drop off(2)	fall asleep	While doing his homework he dropped off.
drop off(3)	stop and give something to someone	Would you drop this off at the post office?
drop out	cease to participate	After two laps, the runner dropped out.

Some particles can be separated from the verb so that a noun and pronoun can be inserted, and some particles can't be separated from the verb.

Separable add up (meaning: to add): She added it up on her calculator.

Inseparable get around (meaning: to evade): She always gets around the rules.

Separable

• add up – add

• back up - cause to move backwards; support;

• blow up; cause to explode; destroy by explosives

• break down - analyze; list the parts of separately

• break into - go into a house or room forcibly; suddenly; begin;

• bring about - cause to happen

• bring off – accomplish

• bring on – cause

• bring out - publish; emphasize

• bring over – bring

• bring to – revive

• bring up - raise; care for from childhood

• brush out - brush the inside of

• burn down - destroy by burning

• burn up - consume by fire

• buy out - by the other person's share of a business

• buy up - buy the whole supply of

• call off - cancel; order away

• call up - telephone; summon for military service

• calm down - become calm

• carry on – continue

• carry out - fulfill; complete; accomplish; perform

• carry over - carry; continue at another time or place

• cheer up - cause to become cheerful

• chew up - chew thoroughly

• chop up - chop into small pieces

• clean off - clean the surface of

• clean out - clean the inside of

• clean up - clarify; tidy

• clear out - clear the surface of

• clear up - clear the inside of

• close down - close permanently

• close up - close temporarily

• count in – include

• count out – exclude

• count up - calculate; count; add to a total

• cross out – eliminate

• cut off - interrupt; sever; amputate

• cut out - eliminate; delete

• cut down - reduce in quantity

• draw up - write; compose (a document)

• dress up - put clothes on; adorn

• dust out - dust the inside of

• eat up - eat completely

• figure out - interpret; understand

• figure up – compute

• fill in - complete (a printed form)

• fill out - complete (a printed form)

• fill up - fill completely (a container)

• find out – discover

• fix up - repair; arrange in a suitable manner

• get across - cause to be understood

• give back – return

• give out - distribute; announce

• give up - surrender something

• hand down - deliver; pronounce formally; leave as an inheritance

• hand over - yield control of

• hang up – suspend

• have on - be dressed in

• have over - entertain someone informally at one's home

• hold off - delay; restrain

• hold up - delay; rob; threaten with a weapon

• keep up - continue; keep the same pace

• leave out – omit

• let down – disappoint

• let out - release from confinement; make larger (in sewing)

• light up - light; illuminate thoroughly

• live down - live in such a way as to cause something to be forgotten

• make over – remake

• move over - move to the side

• pass out – distribute

• pass up - not take advantage of (as an opportunity)

• pass on – transmit

• pay back – repay

• pay off - discharge a debt completely; give someone his final pay

• pick up - come to meet an escort; lift with hands or fingers; learn casually; initiate an association publicly

• play down – minimize

• play up – emphasize

• point out – indicate

• pull down - pull in a downward direction; raze

• push across - cause to be understood or accepted

• put off – postpone

• put on - dress in; deceive or fool

• put up - preserve (food); receive as an overnight guest

• quiet down - be quiet

• ring up - the telephone

• rinse off - rinse the surface of

• rinse out - rinse the inside of

• rule out – eliminate

• run down - trace; disparage; hit with a vehicle

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