Lesson 22 - Curso de Ingles Rapido

Prepositions

Preposições são palavras usadas com nomes para mostrar sua relação com outras palavras da sentença.  A seguir, apresentamos as principais preposições em inglês e seu uso:

	Time	Place
In	Meses:  In January	Cidades:  In London
	Anos, séculos: in 1995	Estados:  In Arkansas
	Estações: in winter	Países:  in Nicaragua
	Partes do dia: in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening	Continentes: In Asia
On	Dias da semana:  on Sunday	Ruas, avenidas, praças:  on Portugal Avenue
	Datas (mês +dia) on April the 3rd
	Determinadas datas:  On Christimas day
At	Horas:  at 7	Endereços (rua +número):  at 456 Lincoln St.
	Certos feriados:  At Christmas	Lugares públicos:  at the club, at the airport, at a party

Na dúvida, as sugestões abaixo podem ajudá-lo a resolvê-la, mas lembre-se:  o uso nem sempre segue a regra geral.

Use in para indicar “dentro de alguma coisa”:

In the box

In the fridge

In a shop

In a garden

In France

Use on para indicar contato:

On a shelf

On a plate

On the grass

Use at para indicar um lugar definido.  Nesse caso, seu sentido é o de “junto a”, “na”:

At the bus stop

At the top

At the bottom

Outras preposições:

About:  sobre, a respeito de:  Tell me about your life.

Above:  acima de:  John’s apartment is above Mara’s.

Across:  através de, do outro lado:  The dog swam across the river.

After:  depois de:  She always arrives after 9 o’clock.

Against:  contra:  The motorbike was against the wall.

Among: entre (vários):  The pencil was among the books.

Around:  em volta de:  They travelled all around the world.

Before:  antes de:  She never arrives before 7 o’clock.

Behind: atrás de:  Tim is behind Peter.

Below:  abaixo de:  Mara lives below John.

Beside:  ao lado de:  The earphones are beside the monitor.

Besides:  além de:  Besides English, she can also speak Russian.

Between:  entre (dois):  He was sitting between the two old ladies.

Beyond:  além de:  The valley is beyond the mountains.

But:  exceto:  Everybody went to the party, but Philip.

By:  por, junto, ao lado de:  Let’s rest by the fireplace.                                              They live by the sea.

Down:  abaixo, para baixo Up:  acima, para cima           Their house is halfway down/up the hill

During:  durante:  He was in the army during the war.

For:  a favor de:  He who’s not for us is against us.

For:  por, para, há (tempo)  The train for Moscow leaves at noon.                                              Fresh air is good for health.                                              They’ve lived here for ages.

From:  de (origem):  Where are you from?

In front of:  na frente de:  Peter is in front of Tim.

Inside/outside: dentro de/fora de:  Let the dog sleep inside/outside the house.

Instead of:  em vez de:  You should be studying instead of playing video-games.

Into:  para dentro, em:  The cars disappeared into the mist.

Like:  como:  What’s that like?

Near:  perto de:  The post office is near the cathedral.

Off:  para fora (de uma superfície):  Marky fell off his bike.

Out of:  para fora de:  Take these books out of the box.

Over:  sobre, acima de, por cima de:                           There were over 1.000 people in the concert                                        Throw the stone over the wall

Since:  desde:  I’ve known her since 1995.

Through:  através de:  The soldiers walked through the forest.

Till/until:  até (tempo):  The book won’t arrive till tomorrow.

To:  para:  People say that Teresa will go to France next week.

Towards:  para, em direção a:  The nasty boy threw the stone towards the window.

Under:  em baixo de:  the cat lays under the bed.

With/without:  com/sem:  Go with us!                                           I can’t live without you.

Within:  dentro de :  The noise came from within the stable.

Observações:

1.    Assim como em português, em inglês também temos regência verbal.  Assim, preste atenção aos seguintes verbos e às preposições regidas por eles:

Accuse of

Aim at

Apologise to somebody for

Apply for (a job)

Approve of

Ask for

Believe in

Blame somebody/something for

Break into

Bump into

Care about

Care for

Collide with

Concentrate on

Congratulate someone on/ compliment someone on

Consist of

Crash into

Cut into

Depend on

Die of

Divide into

Drive into

Explain/Describe something to somebody

Fill with

Glance at

Happen to

Have a discussion about

Have a look at

Insist on

Invite someone to (a party)

Laugh at

Leave a place for another place

Listen to

Live on

Look at

Look for

Pay for

Prefer one thing/person to another

Protect somebody/something from (ou against)

Provide with

Read about

Rely on

Run into

Search for

Smile at

Speak to somebody

Specialise in

Spend money on

Split into

Stare at

Succeed in

Suffer from

Supply with

Suspect of

Take care of

Talk about

Talk to somebody

Tell somebody about

Thank somebody for –forgive somebody for

Translate (a book) from one language into another

Wait for

Write (a letter) to

2.    Alguns verbos têm regência com mais de uma preposição, porém com mudança de significado:

Hear about (ouvir sobre)

Hear of (saber que algo ou alguém existe)

Remind somebody about (dizer para alguém não se esquecer)

Remind somebody of (fazer alguém se lembrar de algo)

Shout at somebody (quando se está nervoso)

Shout to (para que nos ouçam)

Throw at somebody/something (para acertá-los)

Throw something to somebody (para que alguém pegue)

3.    Atenção também à regência de alguns substantivos e adjetivos:

A cause of

A increase/decrease/rise/fall in

A need for

A photograph/ picture/map/plan/drawing of

A reason for

An advantage/disadvantage of

Angry/annoyed/furious about something

Angry/annoyed/furious with somebody for doing something

Damage to

Delighted/pleased/satisfied/disappointed with something

Excited/worried/upset/nervous/happy about something

Fed up/ bored with

Invitation to

Nice/kind/good/generous/polite/cruel of (somebody doing something)

Nice/kind/good/generous/polite/cruel to somebody

Relationship/contact/connection with

Solution/answer/key/reply/reaction to

Sorry about something

Sorry for doing something

Surprised/shocked/amazed/astonished at/by something

Exercises:

I. Complete the sentences with in, at, on:

Where´s David?  He´s ____the kitchen.

There´s somebody ____the bus stop.

Angela works _____ a shop.

There are some books ____the shelf

Write your name ____the top of the page.

My house is ____the end of the street.

Milan is _____the north of Italy.

I like to look at the stars ____the sky ____ night.

Sarah arrives _____Monday.

She left Barcelona ______Novermber.

I always feel good _____the morning.

The show starts _____5 o´clock.

I.              Complete with the right preposition:

What are you searching ______?

Is there a reason _______crying?

He insists _______talking to her.

He was acused _______murder.

I´m satisfied _______your work.

Wait ______me!!!!!

I´m fed up ______your complaints!

Could you take care ____the baby while I´m out?

She didn´t suceed _____her last exam.

How many people can you rely ____?

I´m very nervous _______meeting her.

He got an invitation ____the party.

Thank you very much! It´s very kind ___you!

Her sweet smile reminded me ____those wonderful years.

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